Epilepsy may be a disorder of central systema nervosum and is characterized by abnormal brain activity causing seizures. In some cases, it's going to cause episodes of bizarre behavior or loss of awareness of surroundings. It can occur to anybody at any point of your time and any age. Male or female, children, adults, and old are equally suffering from epilepsy. Epilepsy surgery cost in India is the normal range between $5,000 and $7500. Are you looking for a Low-Best Epilepsy Treatment in India? HMSDESK will offer the best treatment options in India.
Risk factors of epilepsy
Some factors will increase the probabilities of an individual to suffer from epilepsy. These include:
Family history of epilepsy
Head injuries
Brain damage thanks to stroke and other vessel diseases
Dementia increases epilepsy risk in older adults
Brain infections like meningitis.
Causes of epilepsy
In more than half the cases of epilepsy, its cause isn't known. The left ones can have seizures thanks to the following factors:
Family history of seizures
Injury to brain
Brain conditions like brain tumors or strokes
Infectious diseases like meningitis, viral encephalitis, AIDS, etc.
Injury to the baby before or during birth
Developmental disorders like neurofibromatosis, autism, etc.
Symptoms of epilepsy
The symptoms of epilepsy vary widely as some people may stare blankly with none activity during an epilepsy attack while others may twitch limbs for a few seconds or minutes. So, generally, an epilepsy attack causes the following symptoms within the patient:
Uncontrolled twitching or jerking of the arms and legs (seizure)
The temporary episode of utmost confusion
A simple spell of blank staring by the person
Loss of consciousness or awareness of the encompassing
Sometimes fear, extreme sweating, and anxiety.
This is what patient complains of, but doctors classify the symptoms of seizures into the following types:
Focal seizures
These are the seizures that occur thanks to abnormal activity in a specific area of the brain and are of the following categories:
Focal seizures without unconsciousness: This sort of seizure is liable for jerking of body parts, altered emotions, change in perception of smell, look, taste, feel, and sound. They don’t cause a loss of consciousness but are generally related to dizziness, episode of flashing lights, and tingling sensations in the body.
Focal seizures with impaired consciousness: This sort of seizure is liable for loss of awareness or consciousness with no response to surrounding activities. In some cases, a person just keeps on staring into space blankly or perform one activity repetitively like rubbing of hands, swallowing, or walking in a circle.
As these symptoms occur in other disorders too, these could also be confused with some neurological disorders, like mental disease, depression, or migraine.
Generalized seizures
Other than focal seizures, some seizures will involve the whole of the brain. These are called generalized seizures and are of the following types:
Absence seizures: These mostly occur in children with a quick loss of awareness or child just staring into the space with or without somebody movement like blinking eye or smacking lip-smacking.
Tonic seizures: These seizures usually cause stiffening of arm, leg, or back muscles leading to falling of the person on the bottom.
Atonic seizures: These seizures cause loss of muscle control, leading to collapse or fall.
Clonic seizures: These seizures are characterized by repeated jerking movements and typically face, neck, and arms.
Myoclonic seizures: These are sudden jerks for a quick period.
Tonic-clonic seizures: These seizures cause stiffening and shaking of the body, biting of the tongue, and sometimes loss of consciousness and/or loss of bladder control.
Emergency symptoms of epilepsy
Immediate medical intervention is required if you or any of your known experiences following:
Seizure for quite five minutes
Breathing difficulty
Consciousness not returning even after the seizure stopped.
An immediate second seizure occurs.
High fever.
Injury during the seizure.
Diagnosis of epilepsy
Getting only one seizure isn't a diagnosis of epilepsy as a minimum of two episodes of unprovoked seizures are required to think about an epilepsy diagnosis. Further, various tests are required to verify epilepsy diagnosis, like:
A neurological exam to check the behavior of the patient, his motor abilities, mental function, etc.
A blood test to seek out out any signs of infections, brain disorders or genetic conditions, etc.
Electroencephalogram (EEG) to record the electrical activity of the brain.
High-density EEG to exactly determine affected areas of the brain.
CT scan the brain to seek out abnormalities in the brain like cysts, tumors, bleeding, etc. which may be causing seizures.
MRI to detect lesions or abnormalities in the brain which may be causing seizures.
PET scan to see active areas of the brain and detect abnormalities.
Along with the results of those tests, the doctor also uses a mixture of study techniques like Statistical parametric mapping (SPM), Curry analysis, Magnetoencephalography (MEG), etc. to pinpoint the start line of seizures in the brain.
Treatment of epilepsy
It is vital to seek out the cause and sort of seizure for effective treatment. Once this is often confirmed, the doctor starts treatment with anti-epileptic medication. The medication is usually stopped after uneventful two or more years depending upon the patient condition and recovery. The patient is suggested to regularly follow up with the doctor to stay a check on the condition and medications.
In some rare cases, medications fail to supply relief to the patient. In such cases, surgery is indicated to get rid of the part of the brain that's causing the seizures.
Surgery is indicated in the following situations:
If seizures originate from a little and well-defined area of the brain
The area has no role in important functions like language, speech, movement, hearing, etc.
There also are some therapies that provide an alternative for epilepsy treatment. These include:
Vagus nerve stimulation: This involves implantation of a tool called vagus stimulator beneath the chest skin with its wires connected to the vagus within the neck. This device is powered by a battery and works by sending electricity to the brain through the vagus. Although it’s not clear how the device stops the seizures, it's found to scale back seizures by 20 to 40 percent.
Deep brain stimulation: This involves the implantation of electrodes into the thalamus a part of the brain. A generator is implanted into the chest or skull and wires of electrodes are connected thereto. It works by sending electrical impulses to the brain to scale back seizures.
Post-epilepsy care
Uncontrolled epilepsy can cause widespread and long-lasting problems including depression, anxiety, etc. that need constant care and support:
Psychological support: Depression and anxiety about epilepsy uncertainty may disturb the patient tons. So psychological support is extremely important to spice up the morale of the patient and increase his faith in medicine
Education: the patient needs to teach himself also as his friends and family about epilepsy for better management of the emergency.
Independence: Don’t let epilepsy uncertainty take up your choices. Just live freely and don't let stress or anxiety bother you. These can also help in reducing seizure frequency.
Physiotherapy: Physiotherapy is required to enhance muscle strength and overcome any walking or movement disabilities if caused.
What to try to if you discover someone having an epilepsy seizure?
Epilepsy seizures are uncontrolled activities that can't be controlled or stopped and typically stop on their own. During the seizure stay calm, don’t attempt to restrain the patient, and confirm there's no object almost the patient which will harm him. Also, get aside and let the space be free for air circulation. aside from these follow the subsequent recommendations:
Observe the person so that you'll explain to the doctor later about the type and duration of seizure
Loosen tight clothes, especially neckwear
Place something soft under the top of the patient
Roll the patient carefully towards one side.
Epilepsy Treatment Cost in India
Find the Best Epilepsy Treatment with the latest technology in the best hospitals in India. The average cost for the best Epilepsy Treatment in India ranges between USD 10000 to USD 25000 depending upon the hospital and facilities.
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